Cell of the battery: What it is and how it works
What is a Battery Cell?
The cell is the basic component of any battery.
It is the element that generates and stores electrical energy through the movement of ions between two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte.
Every battery, regardless of its size, consists of one or more cells connected together.
In modern lithium batteries used for industrial electrification, tens or hundreds of cells are assembled to achieve the voltage, power, and capacity appropriate for the application.
What components make up a cell?
Anode
The anode is one of the two electrodes in the cell.
During discharge, it releases electrons that power the electrical circuit.
Catode
The cathode receives electrons from the external circuit.
Its chemical composition helps determine the battery’s performance.
Electrolite
The electrolyte allows ions to move within the cell.
It is essential for the proper functioning of electrochemical reactions.
Separator
The separator prevents direct contact between the anode and the cathode while still allowing ions to pass through.
Types of Cells
Cylindrical cells
They are characterized by a cylindrical shape.
Advantages:
- mechanical strength;
- reliability;
- standardized production.
Prismatic cells
They are rectangular in shape.
Advantages:
- better use of space;
- high volumetric energy density;
- simplified integration.
Pouch cells
They use a flexible casing.
Advantages:
- low weight;
- high design flexibility;
- good energy density.
LiFePO4 Cells and Batteries
Among the most widely used technologies in industrial applications are lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) cells.
This chemistry is valued for:
- high safety;
- thermal stability;
- long service life;
- high reliability;
- consistent performance over time.
The solutions developed by Aliant Battery use LFP technology to create custom batteries for work vehicles, industrial machinery, specialty vehicles, and off-highway applications.
From the cell to the battery pack
Una singola A single cell is rarely sufficient to power an industrial application.
For this reason, cells are assembled according to a specific architecture. For more information, please see the in-depth article at this link.
Parameters to evaluate in a cell
Capacity
Amount of energy that can be stored.
Nominal voltage
A characteristic value of the chemistry used.
C-Rate
Charging and discharging speeds.
Internal resistance
A factor that affects performance and efficiency.
Life cycle
The number of cycles the cell can complete while maintaining adequate performance.
